1998-06-15 Y2K Audit ReportCity of Beverly Y2K Audit Committee Report
Presented this day, June 15th 1998 to the honorable Mayor William F. Scanlon, City Council President Peter
Gilmore, and City Council Members in fulfillment of duties and obligations of the appointed volunteer citizens
committee designed to help insure a smooth transition of city assets, resources, and services at the turn of the
century.
Contents
CITY OF BEVERLY Y2K AUDIT COMMITTEE REPORT
CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................................2
PURPOSE ....................................................................................................................................................................3
COMMITYEE BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................................3
TEAM IV~MBEP, S .......................................................................................................................................................4
PROBLEM HISTORY ...................................................................................................................................................4
METHODOLOGY: ..........................................................................................., ............................................................5
ISSUES: ......................................................................................................................................................................6
Building and Equipment .......................................................................................................................................6
Depariment Specific Equipment ...........................................................................................................................8
Services Provided .................................................................................................................................................8
Dependent Services ..............................................~ ................................................................................................8
CONTACTS .................................................................................................................................................................9
DEPARTMENT DETAILS ............................................................................................................................................10
Beverly Police Department .................................................................................................................................l 0
Beverly Fire Department ...................................................................................................................................
Beverly Housing Authority .................................................................................................................................
Beverly Civil Defense ...........................................~. ............................................................................................! 8
Beverly Inspectional ~ervices / City Electrician ................................................................................................
Beverly Harbor Master ......................................................................................................................................2
Beverly Department of Public Works / Water & Sewer Dept. ...........................................................................24
Beverly Library / Beverly Senior Center / Beverly Parlc~ & Recreation/. .........................................................26
Beverly Health Department / Beverly Department of Veteran~ Affairs / ............................................................26
Sealer of Weights and Measures / Beverly Information Services Department ................................................... 26
Beverly Airport ..................................................................................................................................................29
City Solicitors O.~ce ...........................................................................................................................................
Beverly Yout/~ ~ervice ........................................................................................................................................30
Beverly School S3~stem .......................................................................................................................................30
Beverly Hospital ................................................................................................................................................
Remaining Departments / Contacts ....................................................................................................................3
RECOMMENDATIONS ...............................................................................................................................................32
Farget Efforts by Risk .........................................................................................................................................
A~ess Compliance ...........................................................................................................................
Develop a Fendor/Service Prorider Contact Program ......................................................................................
FTNAL NOTE .............................................................................................................................................................36
APPENDIX A: MEETING MINUTES ............................................................................................................................37
APPENDIX B. YEAR 2000 WARRANTEE LANGUAGE ................................................................................................38
APPENDIX C. YEAR 2000 WEBSrrES .......................................................................................................................39
APPENDIX D. POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ............................................................................................................40
Purpose
The purpose of this report is to convey to City officials the f'mdings and recommendations of the Beverly
Y2K Audit committee.
The mandate of the committee was to educate city officials and department heads about computer
hardware, software, and electronic device issues that may impact city departments with respect to building and
equipment issues, receipt of third party services, and the ability to provide deparlment services to the citizenry at the
turn of the century.
The committee was also charged with making a preliminary assessment of potential issues, and asked to
make recommendations to the City Council and Mayor about appropriate actions to prevent potential problems and
service interruptions.
Committee Background
The City Of Beverly Year 2000 Audit Committee was formed-in February 1998.
Two members of the former City of Beverly Computer Commission, Gardner Trask and Dana Staples
petitioned the City Council to form the Y2K Audit Committee. As computer professionals in the Medical and
Banking Industries, Mr. Trask and Mr. Staples had been cognizant of year 2000 computer issues for some time, and
wished to aid the city in a smooth transition of computer related equipment and services at the turn of the century.
Having been involved in the RFP and selection process for the current MUNIS system, Mr. Trask and Mr.
Staples recognized that the city was in fair shape for City Computer Software issues. However, concerns about other
hardware and third party software were still unresolved. Of particular interest was the manner in which embedded
computer chips may cause an interruption in city equipment and services.
Two more citizen members, Dana Poremet and Ian Hayes, a City Council representative, Don Martin, and
members of the City MIS department, Andrew Wood and Russ Fisk, rounded out the advisory team. Mr. Poremet is
currently employed with the Beverly School Committee as their Information Technology Manager. Mr. Hayes is a
Year-2000 professional. He has co-authored a best-selling Year 2000 book and consults internationally on the issue.
This board was formed to educate depaxtment heads about potential issues, aid in the development of an
initial audit of suspect equipment and services, and to make particular recommendations about future actions.
Because of the severity of the problem, coupled with its highly technical nature, the board wished to get a jump on
potential issues, and insure enough time to adequately deal with any potential issues. It is the committee' s intent to
give the city enough time to fix, replace, or otherwise resolve these issues with at least two budget cycles, and in a
time flame whereby necessary service technicians will still be available. Recognizing that this issue will explode in
late 1998 / early 1999, the board wanted to be ahead of the curve in resolving these problems.
The culmination of these efforts is embedded in this report. With its delivery, the committee considers their
work completed. Future actions are at the discretion of the Mayor, his department heads, and the City Council.
We thank the Mayor and City Council for the opportunity to use our respective expertise and experience to
aid our city. We wish to particularly thank the many depamnent heads and City representatives who aided in this
process. While this process is now complete, we humbly offer our expertise and services to the City of Beverly in
the future.
Team Members
Gardner S. Trask IH - Chairperson
Dana Staples
Dana Poremet
Ian Hayes
Don Mmin
Andrew Wood
Russ FLSk
Citizen Representative
Citizen Representative
Citizen Representative
Citizen Representative
City Council Representative
IS Representative
IS Representative
Problem History
At the inception of the computer age, which started in earnest in the late 1950's, computer hardware costs
were astronomical. Physical memory, data storage, and computer software development was also extremely costly.
While we are now comfortable with desBop PCs, it is easy to forget that the technology and memory available in
today's average beeper or cell phone would have literally filled a building the size of City Hall in 1960.
Cost; coupled with generally accepted programming standards, led pro~ammers and engineers to code
dates with just the last two digits. Thus, the date' 1958' was represented internally, stored, and calculated as a
simple '58'. Prograrmners at the time would never considered wasting valuable resources storing the repetitive' 19',
nor would they have envisioned their code lasting forty or more years.
However, this practice of coding just the last two digits became a programming and engineering standard.
Computer programs, as well as electronic chips were all manufactured with this convention embedded in them.
Several years ago, computer companies, banking, and medical industries started to recognize this short-
sighted solution was about to have long term consequence. Internal calculations and computations may not work
correctly. For example, to get a person's age, you would generally subtract the birth year from the current year, both
represented in two digits. So, subtracting '62' from '98' would let you know the patient was 36 years old. A
problem occurs in the year 2000 when '62' is subWacted from '00' yielding an age of-62 or if absolute numbers are
used, 62. Similarly, a comparison of two dates, such as may be used to check the expiration date on an insurance
policy, would determine that '02' (for 2002) occurred before '99' for 1999. Any date calculation, comparison or
sort that uses two digit years rather than four digit years will experience problems. Systems may fall outright,
produce incorrect information, pass bad data to other systems, or perform in a bizarre manner. These problems
could be simple to fix, or a nighlmare to fred and correct. Further, there is a ripple effect as bad data is passed from
system to system, corrupting otherwise compliant systems and resulting in increasing failures and problems. This is
what has become known as the 'Year 2000 bug', 'Millennium Bug', or most commonly, the 'Y2K bug'.
This same problem occurs in electronic chips (control chips, or embedded chips). Many of today's
conveniences are controlled by electronic chips that are date sensitive: Electronic thermostats, traffic controls,
lighting controls, burglar alarms, time locks, VCRs, fax machines, and even your coffee maker are dependent on
knowing the date.
What makes the Year 2000 problem so insidious is the interconnectedness oftoday's society. Every
business and government entity depends on third-parties to provide necessary goods and services. Almost every
business and government entity shares data with other third-parties. Because each of these entities will suffer Year
2000 problems to some degree, each is at risk of suffering failures. As businesses suffer interruptions or system
failures, they may be unable to provide the goods and services on which its customers or partners rely. Without
these goods and services, the businesses and government agencies that depend on them will suffer disruptions even
if their own systems are compliant.
4
The concern however is not that we know equipment and services are going to fail, the concern is that we
don't KNOW what is going to happen. Many embedded chips and computer hardware and software will run without
incident. Some are known to be susceptible to failure. But the vast majority fails into the 'great unknown' category.
The problem sounds trivial, and indeed it is not a great technological challenge. The challenge comes from
having to review over 40 years of accumulated programming and engineering. It is not difficult to move a shovel full of sand, until you are forced to do it a grain at a time.
The best effort we can make now is to determine what MAY be affected and try and resolve these issues as
we can. An initial Audit, or triage of City equipment, provided services, and supporting services will let us know
what MAY have to be resolved. The course of resolution itself can take many forms; fixing the problem, replacing
the questionable software or equipment, redefining the service provided or relied upon, or determining that the
problem can be safely ignored.
Determining what MAY be affected was the work of this City of Beverly Y2K Audit Committee.
Methodology:
The team decided that the best course of action was to have department representatives come and meet us
at City Hall for one-on-one meetings. Early in the process the team decided to hold regular meetings on Thursday
evenings at 5:30. This time coincided with the 'extended hours' day City Hall observes, and provided an
opportunity for the volunteer team members to get back to Beverly from their regular jobs. This also allowed
Department Heads to send representatives without having to pay overtime.
The Committee Chair made the initial contact with department heads to outline the problem, answer
general questions and to schedule meeting times.
Representatives met with two or more committee members to discuss general issues, as well as department
particulars.
The meeting started with a discussion by committee members about the Y2K problem and potential
department issues. Then committee members took turns running through the audit spreadsheet found in the next
section. This prompted dialog between committee members and department representatives and drew out other
specific issues of concern. These have been detailed in later sections of this report. Finally, department
representatives were asked to consider the potential problems discussed, and look at the work to do with potential
failure points in mind. It was asked that they jot these down, and report back to the committee.
Issues:
As the team started to speak with the various departments, four primary points were discussed;
General Building and Equipment
Department Specific Equipment
Services Provided
Services Received.
A template of information was used to start the discussions and to get department representatives to start
thinking about potential issues. That ternplate is detailed below:
Building and Equipment
This is a list of generic Building and Equipment issues.
Buildings:
Building Access: '
Electronic Locks
Card Keys
Keypad locks
Time Locks
Handicap Lifts
Elevators
Intercorn systems
Entry Buzzers
Parking Garage Gates
Automatic Garage Doors
Close Circuit Entry Cameras
Building Security & Safety
Security Alarms
Fire Alarms
Fire Suppression / Sprinkler
Fire Door Controls
Alarmed Crash Bars
Environment Alarms
Carbon Monoxide detectors
Radon Detectors
Natural Gas detectors
Water Alarms
Storage Tank Alarms
Emergency Lights
Emergency Light Batteries
Battery Chargers
Security Rounds Clocks
Security Cameras
Security Monitors
6
Department Specific Equipment
This section would detail equipment particular to the department being audited.
Services Provided
This section would detail those service the department provides that, if interrupted for several weeks, could prove catastrophic.
Dependent Services
There are obvious services, such as heating fuel delivery, electricity, waste disposal, and vehicle fuel that are necessary. This section would detail those services ~e specific department receives from other sources which, if interrupted for several weeks, could prove detrimental to the department.
Contacts
The following departments were contacted and interviewed. The representatives' names are listed below.
Beverly Police Department - MIS / Communications
Beverly Police Department - Criminal Investigation
Beverly Fire Department - Communications
Beverly Fire Department - Mechanic
Civil Defense
Inspection Services
Department Of Public Works
Water & Sewer
Beverly Housing Authority
Airport
Harbor Master
Health Department
Library
Senior Center
Parks & Rec
Veterans Affairs
Computer Department
Hospital
Schools
City Hall
City Solicitor
Beverly Golf & Tennis
City Hall
Youth Services
Mass Electric
Boston Gas
Centex
Sgt. Phil McCarthy Y
Capt. Cassola Y
Bob Battis Y
Jack Morris Y
Mark Foster Y
Tim Brennan Y
Ed Comeau
Mike Papamechail Y
Y
Kevin Ascolillo Y
Bob Mazzetti and Y
Mechanic
Dan McPherson
Tom Scully
Tom Scully
Tom Scully
Tom Scully
Tom Scully
Tom Scully
Jack Good - VP of
Public Relations - Steve
Dana Pommet
Chris Bradley
Marshal Handly
Lou Bennett
John Dunn
Tim Flaherty
Ron Ambrose
978-524-2261
Bob Moorehead
617=723-5512 x6173
Jennifer Sherman
617-2295-8873
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
Department Details
Beverly Police Department
Representative:
Public Safety Director Pelonzi
Chief Finnegan
Sargent Phil McCarthy
Captain Cassola
Building Locations:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Main Station
Farms Building
Criminal Investigation / Traffic offices
COP site at Beverly Housing
Airport building
General Building / Equipment
X = Know or suspect issue.
Buildings:
Building Access:
Card Keys
Keypad locks
Intercom systems
Entry Buzzers
Parking Garage Gates
Automatic Garage Doors
Close Circuit Entry Cameras
Building Security & Safety
Security Alarms
Fire Alarms
Fire Suppression / Sprinkler
Alarmed Crash Bars
Emergency Lights
Emergency Light Batteries
Battery Chargers
Security Rounds Clocks
Security Cameras
Security Monitors
Video Taped Surveillance
Recorded Phone System
Environmental
As
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
C(r)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
10
Electronic Heat Control / Thermostats
Electronic Air Conditioning Control
Heat Plant
Air Conditioning Plant
Fuel Source
Lighting Management
Backup Generators
X X
X
X X X X
X X X
Oil ? ? ? ?
X X X
X X
Communications:
Phone Service X X X X
Phone Switch X X X X
Voice Mail System X X X X
Local Carrier X X X X
Long Distance Carrier X X X X
Cell Phone X X X X
Cell Phone Service X X X X
Pagers X X X X
Pager Service X X X X
Radios - 2 way X X X X
Radios - Mobile X X X X
Radios - Marine
Radio Service X X X X
Office Equipment
Copy Machines X X X X
Fax Machines X X X X
Postage Meter X
Electronic Scales X
Computer Terminals X X X X
Desktop Computers X X X X
Laptop Computers X X X X
Printers X X X X
Personal Digital Assistant X
Specialized Software
Scanners X X X X
VCR X X X
Camcorders X X X
Tape Recorders X X X
Digital Cameras X X X
Department Specific Equipment
Hardware / Software
· MicroSystems Profour System
· Acer Hardware
· 4 Personal Computers
· 15 Laptops
· Cellular access to LEAPS, NCIC, In-house data, and connected to 33 other County Departments
· Mobile Data Terminals
11
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Radio Transmission
Radio and Sub Stations
BAPERN
Repeater Stations
Breathalyzer
Bullhorns and crowd control equipment
Radar Detectors
Vehicles Squad cars
Mobile Unit (Camper)
DARE Van
Motorcycle{s)
Animal Control Truck
Light Bars
Capture Station in booking Room
Traffic Light Controls
Prisoner Check System
Backup Generators
Radio / Equipment Battery Chargers
Services Provided
Burglar Alarm Tracking
Panic Alarm Tracking
Enhanced 9 11
Phone Trace / reverse 9 11
Public safety
Prisoner Transportation
Telephony System. Outgoing Auto-dial Phone Messages
Service Relied Upon
Vehicle Maintenance (Thomas Ford)
Fuel Oil Delivery
Department hot spots
The Police Department monitors burglar and panic alarms from a variety of sources. The main service
companies may be able to confirm Y2K compliance, however there are private alarms throughout the city. This may
prove a troublesome issue. Should a host of alarms go off all at the same time, manpower may be an issue.
Similarly, patrols should be increased in the event some alarms will fail.
12
The police rely heavily upon the radio dispatch and substations in the city. This is of particular concern,
and should be checked VERY carefully.
Department Recommendations
Aside from general recommendations, the committee recommends that the Police Department take the following actions:
· The department make as accurate an audit of incoming alarms as possible and contact third-party alarm vendors.
· We also suggest they start an education program to home and business owners concerning alarms and time lock issues.
Also, we suggest that there be special staffing plans for the first evening / week of the year 2000.
Police may be called upon to support the Fire department, or other City Services as well in the event of
unforeseen issues. We recommend. a staffing plan similar to that during a 'Declared Emergency' such
as a snow storm or flooding condition.
We are concerned not only with the possibility of many alarms going off together in error, but also the
case where alarms may fail. As such, we suggest increased patrols on New Years Eve 1999.
Finally, we suggest that no money be spent to upgrade the current Wang-based system. Instead the
committee suggests that the new dispatch system be installed, and that any money to be spent be
toward training of appropriate staff. The Wang-based system has a high probability of failure. Thus, of
the three solutions (repair the Wang system, replace with the new system purchased with the grant, or
consider a different system), we can only recommend getting the new system up and running as soon
as possible. The committee recognizes the issues concerning budget, starting, and training, but feel any
conversion dollars would best be spent in this manner.
13
Beverly Fire Department
Representative:
Bob Battis - Communications Officer
Jack Morris - Mechanic
Building Locations.
A. Main Fire Station - Hale Street
B. Engine 5 - North Beverly
C. Engine 3 - Beverly Farms Station
General Building / Equipment
Buildings:
Building Access:
Intercom systems
Entry Buzzers
Parking Garage Gates
Automatic Garage Doors
Close Circuit Entry Cameras
Building Security & Safety
Security Alarms
Fire Alarms
Fire Suppression / Sprinkler
Emergency Lights
Emergency Light Batteries
Battery Chargers
Security Monitors
Recorded Phone System
Environmental
Heat Plant
Backup Generators
Water / Sump Pumps
Water Meters
Communications:
Phone Service
Phone Switch
Voice Mail System
Local Carrier
Long Distance Carrier
Cell Phone
Cell Phone Service
Pagers
Pager Service
As
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Oil
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Oil
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Oil
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
14
Radios - 2 way
Radios - Mobile
Radios - Marine
Radio Service
Office Equipment
Copy Machines
Fax Machines
Postage Meter
Electronic Scales
Computer Terminals
Desktop Computers
Laptop Computers
Printers
Personal Digital Assistant
Specialized Software
Scanners
VCR
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Department Specific Equipment
· Vehicles
16 Fire Trucks and cars
Rescue Boat
Trucks with PTO and electronically controlled hydraulic systems
Trucks with on-board computers.
Radio Transmission recording
Telephone / Primary Operator Handset
Call Check Recording
Radio Transmitters / Substations / Repeaters
Main Station Comparitor / Transmitter / Receiver
Brimbal Hill T/R
Farms Repeater
Automatic lights and Claxons / Sirens / PA System Upon Alarm
Master Box Alarms:
· City Hall
· Municipal offices
· Schools
· Lynch Park Barn
· Senior Center
· Housing Authority
Carbon monoxide Mobile Detector & Charger
Flammable Gas Detector
4 Defribulators with download receivers
Software - HAZMAT tracking
15
Water Pumps
Air Compressors for air tanks
Battery Chargers
Mechanics Electronic Diagnostic tools
Fuel Tank Yard
Medical Suction Devices
Hand Lights and Battery Chargers
Dive Team Regulators and equipment
Emergency Light Bars
Rescue Saws
Vehicle Compressors
Other Fire fighting equipment.
Services Provided
· Fire Fighting
· Fire Investigation
· Fire Prevention
· Education
· Public Safety
· Mutual Aid Dispatch - Primary Dispatch for Essex County (Southern District) multi-community emergency management
Service Relied Upon
EMT Services - American Medical Response Co.
Central Station Alarm companies
Department Recommendations
Aside from general recommendations, the committee recommends that the Fire department take the
following actions:
· The department make as accurate an audit of incoming alarms as possible and contact third-party
alarm vendors.
· We also suggest they start an education program to home and business owners concerning fire and
panic alarms.
Also, we suggest that there be special staffing plans for the first evening / week of the year 2000. We
recommend a staffing plan similar to that during a 'Declared Emergency' such as a snow storm or
flooding condition.
· A thorough review of the radio transmission / dispatch/and repeater substation system.
16
Beverly Housing Authority
Representative:
Kevin Ascolillo
Building Locations:
Garden City, Roger Conant, Story Avenue, Herrick Street, Balch Street
General Building / Equipment
Mr. Ascolillo and I discussed this issue at length. He and his team are working on this very problem. Mr.
Ascolillo reminds us that the housing authority is comprised of State and Federal properties and that they, the State
and Federal Government, are responsible for these facilities. Mr. Ascolillo agrees that an education program may
help Beverly Seniors understand and prepare for Y2K issues.
Department Recommendations
Aside from general recommendations to the City Health Authority, the committee recommends that the
City Health Department spearhead a education program to help seniors understand and prepare for issues that may
arise because of the Y2K bug. This transcends Housing tenants, and should include information concerning
computer filled prescription programs, computer controlled heating oil delivery, maintaining extra cash and food,
etc. Seniors are especially vulnerable, and the Health Department should also make sure they have a contingency
plan in the event of widespread power outages, fuel delivery problems, etc.
17
Beverly Civil Defense
Representative:
Mark Foster
Building Locations / General Building / Equipment
Civil defense is responsible for three buildings. They maintain burglar and fire alas. Mark is also
dependent on normal communications equipment such as phones, pagers, cell phones, and mobile radios. The
computer system is provided and maintained by the city's IS department.
Department Specific Equipment
GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) equipment
Emergency radios / battery chargers
Emergency lighting
Disaster related equipment.
Services Provided
Civil Defense is responsible for disaster relief and planning for the city. Working in conjunction with
Federal, State and local police and fire departments, Civil Defense is a crucial link in the public safety chain.
Service Relied Upon
Federal Disaster Agencies
State Disaster Agencies
Local Public Safety Aid
Department Recommendations
Aside from general recommendations, the committee recommends that the Civil Defense department take
the following actions:
A complete and detailed audit of necessary equipment. This department in particular concerns the
committee because the equipment used is generally provided or donated by government surplus. The age of the
equipment, and the ability to replace it in a timely manner is of some issue.
18
Beverly Inspectional Services I City Electrician
Representative:
Tim Brennan
Ed Comeau
Building Location :
A. Offices
B. Shop (~ Central Garage
C. Whistle Building
D. Town Hall Support
General Building / Equipment
In general, Inspectional Services is responsible for the major physical aspects and power/heating/cooling
needs of Town Hall They also maintain their own offices across Cabot street, as well as the whistle building
and a shop at Central Garage.
Buildings:
Building Access:
Time Locks
Elevators
Intercom systems
Entry Buzzers
Building Security & Safety
Security Alarms
Fire Alarms
Alarmed Crash Bars
Emergency Lights
Emergency Light Batteries
Battery Chargers
Recorded Phone System
Environmental
Heat Plant
Air Conditioning Plant
Lighting Management
Backup Generators
Water / Sump Pumps
Water Meters
Communications:
Phone Service
Phone Switch
Voice Mail System
A. B. C. D.
X
X
X
X
X
Oil
Window
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Oil
X
X
Oil
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Oil
Window
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
19
Local Carrier
Long Distance Carrier
Cell Phone
Cell Phone Service
Pagers
Pager Service
Radios - 2 way
Radios - Mobile
Radios - Marine
Radio Service
Office Equipment
Copy Machines
Fax Machines
Scanners
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Department Specific Equipment
Support Trucks and Cars
Backup generators
Electronic Diagnostic tools
Services Provided
Aside from the inspectional and electrician services provided, this department is also responsible for the
Street Lighting, Traffic Controls and Street Fire boxes throughout the city.
20
Beverly Harbor Master
Representative:
Dan McPherson
Lou Bochynski
Building Locations:
A. Harbor Master Builder
B. Glover Wharf
C. Old McDonalds Building
General Building / Equipment
Buildings:
Building Access:
Handicap Lifts
Close Circuit Entry Cameras
Building Security & Safety
Security Alarms
Fire Alarms
Emergency Lights
Emergency Light Batteries
Environmental
Electronic Heat Control / Thermostats
Electronic Air Conditioning Control
Heat Plant
Air Conditioning Plant
Fuel Source
Energy Management
Lighting Management
Backup Generators
Water / Sump Pumps
Water Meters
Solar Panels
Communications:
Phone Service
Phone Switch
Voice Mail System
Local Carrier
Long Distance Carrier
Cell Phone
Cell Phone Service
Pagers
Pager Service
X
X
X
OIL
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
OIL
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
?
?
X
X
?
?
X
X
21
Radios - 2 way
Radios - Mobile
Radios - Marine
Radio Service
Office Equipment
Copy Machines
Fax Machines
Postage Meter
Electronic Scales
Computer Terminals
Desktop Computers
Laptop Computers
Printers
Personal Digital Assistant
Specialized Software
Scanners
VCR
Camcorders
Tape Recorders
Digital Cameras
Department Specific Equipment
· Laptops
· Navigation Software
· GPS tracking system
· Q & A / Differential
· 1 Pumpout boat
· 2 Patrol Boats
· Dive Boat
· Vehicles
· Lightbars
· Mobile and Marine Radios
· Radar
· Depth Finders
· Water Level Sensors
· Electronic Diagnostic Tools (mechanic)
Services Provided
· Maritime Responsibilities
· Police / Fire / EMT
· Public Safety
· Search and Rescue
Service Relied Upon
· Fuel for the fleet - Jubilee Yacht Club
· Radio Transmission
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
22
Department Recommendations
Aside from general recommendations, the committee recommends that the Harbor Masters Office take the
following actions:
· Reliance on GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) equipment, mobile communications, fleet boats, depth
finders, and other marine equipment is high. These should be tested as soon as possible.
The Mayor and City Council will do well to remember that even though this issue may take place in
the dead of winter, the Harbor Masters Office remains a very important part of the public safety
triangle (on equal basis with fire and police). Maritime law supercedes land-based law, and any
disaster or search and rescue that is on, or abuts, the sea is the primary responsibility of the Harbor
Master. Thus working fleet vehicle and marine-based equipment is essential.
23
Beverly Department of Public Works I Water & Sewer Dept.
Representative:
Michael J. Papamechail - Director of Public Service
Brad Bixby - Water & Sewer Foreman
Dick McNiel - Project Coordinator
Phil Klimowiez - Parks & Forest Department
Bob Bolton - Motor Pool Foreman
Tracy Levesque - Adminislntive Assistant
Building Locations:
The DPW and Water and Sewer Department maintain several buildings throughout the city. These have
various security and fire alarm configurations. Some have automatic garage doors and closed circuit cameras. Some
also contain water sensors and other environmental alarms. Because of the number, and varied responses, we have
forgone the building and equipment portion of the table below.
General Building / Equipment
Communications: Department Wide
Phone Service X
Phone Switch X
Voice Mail System X
Local Carrier X
Long Distance Carrier X
Cell Phone X
Cell Phone Service X
Pagers X
Pager Service X
Radios - 2 way X
Radios - Mobile X
Radios - Marine X
Radio Service X
Office Equipment
Copy Machines X
Fax Machines X
Postage Meter
Electronic Scales
Computer Terminals X
Desktop Computers X
Laptop Computers X
Printers X
Personal Digital Assistant
Specialized Software X
Scanners X
VCR X
Department Specific Equipment
General equipment
24
Water Pumps
Swipe Card Access
Swipe Card Fuel Cards
Time Management / Time Clocks
Backup and portable generators
Forest and Grounds
· Irrigation control
Mechanic
· 35 Cars and Trucks
· 2 backhoes
· 2 loaders
· 2 bobcats
· 2 sweepers
· 2 holders
· 1 VacAII
· 2 compressors
· Battery Chargers
· Electronic Diagnostic tools
Water & Sewer
· Generators
· Exercise Clocks
· Computer gauges for Wenham Lake
· FilWation Plant Equipment
· Quindar Tank Level Monitoring system
· Relay station Electric panels
· Sewer Alarms
· Sewer Pump contacts / relays
· Electronic Water Meters / Readers
· Metal Detectors
· Pipe Location Detectors
· 2 portable Generators
Service Relied Upon
· Southern Essex Sewerage Commission
Department Recommendations
Aside from general recommendations, the committee recommends that the DPW take actions to insure
snow removal and emergency services will not be disrupted.
25
Beverly Library I Beverly Senior Center I Beverly Parks & Recreation I
Beverly Health Department I Beverly Department of Veterans Affairs I
Sealer of Weights and Measures I Beverly Information Services Department
Representative:
Tom Scully
*NOTE: Tom Scully is the department heed responsible for the above listed deparlments, and as such represents all
of them accordingly.
Building Locations:
A,
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
Library (Main building / Farms Building / Bookmobile / Delivery Van)
Senior Center
Parks & Recreation (Lynch Park Building / other city parks)
Health DeparUnent
Veterans Affairs
Information Services
General Building / Equipment
Buildings:
Building Access:
Electronic Locks
Card Keys
Keypad locks
Time Locks
Handicap Lifts
Elevators
Intercorn systems
Entry Buzzers
Parking Garage Gates
Automatic Garage Doors
Close Circuit Entry Cameras
Building Security & Safety
Security Alarms
Fire Alarms
Fire Suppression / Sprinkler
Fire Door Controls
Alarmed Crash Bars
Environment Alarms
Carbon Monoxide detectors
Padon Detectors
Natural Gas detectors
Water Alarms
Storage Tank Alarms
Emergency Lights
B
B
B
A,B
A,B
B
A,B
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C
A,B,C
B
A,B
A,B
A,B,C
26
Emergency Light Batteries
Battery Chargers
Security Rounds Clocks
Security Cameras
Environmental
Electronic Heat Conttrol / Thermostats
Electronic Air Conditioning Control
Heat Plant
Air Conditioning Plant
Energy Management
Lighting Management
Backup Generators
Water Meters
Communications:
Phone Service
Phone Switch
Voice Mail System
Local Carrier
Long Distance Carrier
Cell Phone
Cell Phone Service
Pagers
Pager Service
Office Equipment
Copy Machines
Fax Machines
Computer Terminals
Desktop Computers
Laptop Computers
Printers
Specialized Software
VCR
A,B
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,F
A,B,F
A,B
A,B,F
A,B,C,D
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,CiD,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B,C,D,E,F
A,B
27
Department Specific Equipment
Library
· Micro~che machines
· Copiers
· bookmobile
· Delivery Van
· Self Setting Wall Clocks
· Security Light Timers
· Environmental Controls
Recreation Department
· - Duplicating Machine
· 2 Way Radios - Police
· 2 Way Radios - School
Sealer of Weights and Measures
· Electronic Measurement Equipment
Senior Center
· 4 Vans
· 2 Way radios (in vehicles)
Health Department
· Medical Equipment
· Drug Delivery Program
School Health Offices / Dental Clinic
· Medical Equipment
IS Department
· Computer hardware and software, switching panels, and specialized service equipment.
Department Recommendations
Aside from general recommendations, the committee recommends that the Health Department take the
following actions:
Develop a public education program, especially for seniors, to inform and educate about Y2K preparation
and to minimize unnecessary concern. Of particular note are services seniors relied upon that may be
computer controlled such as automatic fuel deliveries, or computerized prescription refills, etc.
The Health Department is responsible for the distribution of vaccines and medicalions through the schools,
senior center, and vaccination programs. These supplies are sent to the city from Federal and State agencies
and distributed to the schools, senior centers, clinics, and hospitals by health department officials. The
committee recommends the Health Department check with suppliers to insure accurate and timely
deliveries.
28
ASide from general reconunendations, the committee recommends that the Information Service
Department take the following actions:
While the Committee is certain Russ and Andy are ahead of the curve on resolving Y2K issues with city
hardware and software, we recommend a formal written plan be developed and reviewed to insure timely
solutions with adequate time for thorough testing.
Bevedy Airport
Representative:
Robert Mezzetti
Department Recommendations
Aside from general recommendations, the committee recommends that the department take the following
actions:
Mr. Mazzetti and a committee representative spoke over the phone oh two occasions. Mr. Mazzetti informs
the committee that the tower and air traffic control are under the auspices of the Federal Aviation
Association (FAA). Further, Mr. Mazzetti has done a personal review and does not believe he, or the
airport mechanic have any electronic equipment that may be effected. The committee feels a more detailed
audit is warranted and suggests a formal meeting be scheduled to help educate Mr. Mazzetti about the
issues, and perform a comprehensive audit.
City Solicitors Office
Representative:
Marshal HandIcy
Department Recommendations
The City Solicitor's office has been quick to embrace the Y2K issue. The committee has forwarded
language to be added to all future RFP and contract language concerning the purchase of services and/or equipment
that could be affected by the Y2K bug. Mr. Handley has worked to insure that the purchasing agent for the school
and the city' s Director of Procurement are aware of the new contract language. This language has been included as
Appendix B.
29
Bevedy Youth Service
Representative:
Tim Flaherty
Department Recommendations
From Mr. Flaherty, the committee has learned that the equipment used by Youth Services is primarily
under the direction of the YMCA. The committee is confident that Mr. Flaherty understands the issue, and has made
a fair evaluation of his department.
Beverly School System
Representative:
Dana Poremet
Department Recommendations
Dana Poremet is a current member of the Y2K committee. As such we are confident he is looking out for,
and will handle, any Y2K issues that may arise with computer hardware and software.
The committee recommends that the Superintendent of schools appoint a Y2K czar to investigate other
building and equipment issues that may affect the school system.
The committee would also like to suggest a collaborative effort at the next 'Net Day' to aid in the
identification and resolution of hardware issues.
Beverly Hospital
Representative:
Jack Good - VP of Public Relations
Steve Rector - Director of I.S.
Department Recommendations
After lengthy discussions with Mr. Good and Mr. Rector, the committee is confident the Hospital has their
own Y2K issue well in hand. The committee would recommend however, a formal meeting, to discuss how
catastrophic Y2K issues could affect the hospital or community. This is more of a disaster planning issue.
30
Remaining Departments I Contacts
·
·
·
·
·
·
·
Beverly Golf & Tennis
Collector of Taxes
Assessors Office
Community Development
Engineering
Major Utilities Providers
And General City Hall Representation.
31
Recommendations
This audit was the fLrst step in a series of steps that must be taken if the City of Beverly is to minimize the effect of
Year 2000 disruptions on its operations and the resulting impact of those disruptions on the citizens of Beverly. As
documented in this report, the audit has identified a number of areas of concern that require additional research as
well as possible correction.
The committee has two primary directives, as well as several supporting recommendations:
First and foremost, we recommend that the City take immediate action to do a detailed audit and resolve
the issues uncovered. While the City is well ahead of the curve in identifying potential problems, city departments
can not afford to relax their efforts. Any equipment that needs to be replaced should be spread over as many budget
cycles as possible. And any repairs that are required should be undertaken as soon as possible, before technicians
become a scare commodity. While the Y2K Committee has jump started the process, by this time next year, there
will be no one who has not heard of the Y2K bug, and replacement parts and services will be in high demand. Solve
the problems now, before the rest of the world realizes there is a problem.
Accordingly, the second primary directive of the committee is for the city to assign a Y2K Czar, a
department head who will be responsible for the continued assessment, review, and resolution of these issues in a
timely manner. This position should report to the Mayor and City Council on a periodic basis as to the state of
resolution.
In support of this new position, the committee recommends the following actions at the department level:
Each department must conduct a detailed assessment of its own computer systems, embedded technology
and suppliers of goods and services to determine which entities are truly at risk and then determine the appropriate
actions to avoid disruptions. Depending on the criticality of the entity and the potential impact of its failure, actions
will range from "do nothing" to replacing the piece of equipment or finding a new supplier. When an appropriate
correction strategy is not available for a critical entity, a contingency plan is needed to deal with the consequences
of that entity' s failure.
The basic process recommended by the Y2K Audit Committee involves the following steps.
Complete the inventory
Using the data in this report as a starting point, each department should create a complete and accurate
inventory of those computer systems, pieces of equipment and suppliers of goods and services that
may be affected by Year 2000 problems. This inventory must include specific information such as
manufacturer, model number, contact information, etc. that will be used to determine if a given entity
will have a date problem.
Assess compliance
After the inventories have been compiled, each type of item on the list must be assessed to determine if
it is affected. The steps in this assessment process are described in detail in the next section of the
recommendations. This assessment will create a list of critical entities that will encounter Year 2000
problems.
* Determine correction strategy
Each critical entity identified in the previous step will require a correction effort and/or a contingency plan to
counter the effects of its failure. These corrections are specific to the entity itself. For example, equipment
containing embedded technology may need to be upgraded or replaced. In other cases, it may be possible to live
with the consequences of the failure or a simple "work-around" may be available.
· Implement corrections
32
New equipment must be ordered, software upgraded, etc. well before the end of 1999 to ensure timely
delivery, installation and testing. Early implementation also leaves time to correct unanticipated
issues.
Test
Where feasible, it is a good idea to test affected computer systems and equipment to ensure that it is
indeed compliant. Unfortunately, experience on many large scale Year 2000 projects has found that
compliant solutions provided by vendors ot~en do not work as well as claimed. The primary rule to
follow is: "If it hasn't been tested, it's not Year 2000 compliant." Relying on vendor assurances of
compliance is a good first step, but it shouldn't be the only one for critical equipment or systems.
Sometimes it is necessary to go beyond verbal assurances, and verify compliance yourself.
The Y2K Audit Committee urges the City of Beverly to immediately begin to resolve its Year 2000 problems. The
threat of disruption is real and each day of delay increases the difficulty of achieving compliance. Procrastinators
throughout the corporate and governmental world will compete for limited resources to implement their Year 2000
fixes. These resources range from equipment installation specialists to inventories of critical parts. Beverly, as a
small city with limited funds, will not be able to compete with larger government agencies and public corporations
for help in dealing with its problems. Further, if new or upgraded parts, software or equipment are needed to avoid
problems, the longer that Beverly waits, the more difficult and costly it will be to acquire and install those pieces.
Target Efforts by Risk
Clearly, there is not enough time nor funding to examine and correct all affected equipment and systems. When
there is not enough time or money to do everything, the best approach is to attack the most risky areas first. For all
software, hardware, equipment, PCs and other components, ask whether these items are truly important. Could you
live without them? Or would their failure cause disruptions in operations and interrupt services that you are pledged
to provide? Would your constituents be harmed if you couldn't provide services due to Year 2000 failures or
interruptions? For example, if an administrative system prints the wrong date on a report, it may be a minor
annoyance without any major side effects. However, if a failure to handle dates correctly leads you to shut down a
vital public service, then the underlying system or equipment is critical to Beverly's operations.
One approach to ensure that all items have been found and properly prioritized is to consider the processes used by
each department to deliver its services. For example, processing a marriage or birth certificate requires a series of
steps beginning with a notification by a constituent.
· Step 1: Identify the critical services and their processes for each department
A service is critical if any disruption will cause serious consequences such as lift safety
issues, high costs or trigger disruptions of other critical services. Rank all processes
according to their relative importance. Ask whether each process is truly critical to
departmental operations.
· Step 2: Identify the entities that support each critical process
Break the critical processes into steps. Consider which software systems, hardware,
equipment, PCs and outside services are needed to accomplish each step. Consider the
alternatives if a given entity were unavailable. If the process could continue without
interruption, that entity is not critical despite supporting a critical process.
· Step 3 Determine which critical entities may encounter Year 2000 problems
33
Using the lists in this report as a starting point, determine which entities are potentially
at risk of encountering Year 2000 issues. As a basic rule of thumb, assess and fix the
most important pieces ~rst, and address the remainder as time allows.
Assess Compliance
In some cases, compliance can be determined by physically examining or testing a given entity. Numerous books,
article and web pages discuss methods for conducting Year 2000 tests and document the types of date conditions
that should be used. (For example, December 31, 1999, January 1, 2000, February 29, 2000). However, TAKE
CARE IN PERFORMING YEAR 2000 SIMULATED TESTS. Simulating the Year 2000 and performing a test can
cause unintended side effects. Systems may freeze or fail, some permanently. You have to follow the instructions
for the particular item, and ask the vendor when instructions are unclear.
In most cases, the best first step will be to contact the vendor for information. The vendor may be able to confffm
that its product is Year 2000 compliant or may tell you that you need to upgrade or replace the product. The vendor
could also tell you that it doesn't know whether its product will work or cannot guarantee that it will work. If you
don't have confidence in the vendor's reply, then test the item yourself.
Vendor information is available from a number of sources. Vendor sales personnel can often provide data on the
compliance of their products and services. Many vendors post information on the Internet. This information is
invaluable for developing compliance strategies. The steps for implementing a program to contact vendors is
described below.
Develop a Vendor/Service Provider Contact Program
Beverly will
·
obtain several benefits by contacting vendors about the Year 2000 compliance of their products.
First, the vendor may actually know the tree status of its product, and let you know whether you are
safe or whether you will need a replacement or upgrade. For a service vendor, the vendor may assure
you that all of its systems are or will be compliant and that services will remain uninterrupted.
Second, if a vendor cannot guarantee the compliance of its product or systems, or fails to instill
confidence, you can take further steps. For products, test them for compliance yourself (but see the
warning on the previous page). For services, identify altemate sources.
Third, if the vendor cannot guarantee compliance or it is impossible to test a product, you can develop
contingency plans in case the product fails in 2000 or the vendor fails to provide services. Lastly,
creating a paper trail of vendor contacts will be useful if you decide to take legal action against a
vendor.
Putting together a vendor management program is daunting at fast because there is a lot of paperwork involved. To
provide some relief, Mayor ScanIon has agreed to provide a clerical person to assist in tracking vendors. Some
effort will be needed to initially craft the vendor contact program. Critical set up steps include:
· Basic operating procedures will need to be developed. These procedures include when letters will be
sent, how telephone follow-up will be handled, and when lawyer involvement is required.
· Development of supporting materials, such as form letters and survey questions.
Development of contact lists and tracking mechanisms. Ideally, this list will be kept on a computer or
database so that efforts and responses can be easily input and tracked. The list should contain contact
names and addresses, an activity log, status fields, follow-up requirements and compliance information
gathered from the contacts.
· Determination of how to interpret vendor information and assess any communicated risks
34
· Decisions on how and when hand-offs to other areas or other people will occur.
Although initial vendor contact and tracking may be handled through clerical support, each department will have to
invest resources in this program in order to make it successful. Key responsibilities include:
Assign person(s) to support this effort
Although a clerical resource will be provided to send and track responses, this person will require
departmental assistance. Key tasks involve providing lists of vendors to contact and following up with
vendor issues as they are identified.
Build and refine a contact list
Each department must create its own list of vendors to contact. Remove inappropriate contacts -- very
small and low priority vendors -- from the list. Finally, since time is short, sort the list so that the most
critical vendors are contacted first. Contact less important vendors as time permits.
Evaluate risks
As information is gathered for each critical vendor, each department must evaluate the risks to their own
operations. To allow equal comparisons between vendors, use a standard, objective approach to rank risk,
focusing on how the failure of the vendor's product or services would impact Beverly's operations. For
example, if a vendor is unaware of the Year 2000 problem, they are in the high risk category. If the vendor
says that they are working on the problem, but can't provide any evidence that this is true, they are in a
moderate risk category. If a vendor can provide a compliant product or upgrade, then they are in the low
risk category.
Determine actions
Once you have identified the most critical, risky vendors, rank them according to their risk level and assign
follow-up efforts if additional pressure needs to be exerted on a vendor. For high risk vendors, continue to
monitor their progress and, at a pre-determined checkpoint, invoke contingency plans and possibly trigger
legal actions.
35
Final Note
The committee is pleased to have had the opportunity to serve the city. We have all expressed,
individually, our willingness to volunteer our services and expertise to the Y2K czar, and/or department heads in a
focused effort to resolve any Y2K issues. We would like to help as we can. Please call on us.
With our thanks;
Gardner S. Trask III
Chairperson
Trask~,mediaone.net
Ian Hayes
lan HaVes(~,comDuserve.com
Dana Staples
StaDles(~.mediaone.net
Dana Pommet
Pommet(~,Earthlink.net
36
Appendix A: Meeting Minutes
Date:
March 12, 1998
March 19, 1998
March 26, 1998
April 2, 1998
April 9, 1998
April 16, 1998
April 23, 1998
May 7, 1998
May 21, 1998
June 11, 1998
June 15, 1998
Actions:
The Committee held its fu-st organizational meeting. Gardner Trask was elected
Chairperson. The committee decided to hold regular meetings on Thursdays at
5:30pm. Preliminary discussions of scope and approach were conducted.
The Committee defmed its scope to include providing assistance to City
Departments in recognizing and assessing the impact of Year 2000 issues. A target
of 90 days was established for completion of the committee's work. The
committee invited John Dunn to attend the meeting of March 26~.
The Committee discussed its proposed approach with Mr. Duun. Mr. Dunn agreed
to assist in forwarding a letter to all deparunent heads defining the plans of the
committee.
The Committee met with Sgt. McCarthy representing the Police Department.
The Committee met with Bob Batis, the Fire Department Communications Officer.
The Committee met with Tim Breunan & Ed Comeau representing Inspectional
Services and Mark Foster representing Civil Defense.
The Committee met with Jack Morris, the Fire Department Mechanic
The Committee met with Mike Pappimichael and 5 representatives of the
Department of Public Works.
The Committee met with Tom Scully representing the Library, Senior Center,
Health Department, Parks & Recreation, Veteran's affairs, and the Computer
Department.
The Committee held several informal working sessions to prepare its f'mal report.
The Committee presented its fmdings to the City Council and Mayor.
37
Appendix B. Year 2000 Warrantee Language
Suggested Year 2000 Warranty
(Short Form)
For Software
Liceriser warrants that the occurrence in or use by the Software of dates on or after January I, 2000
("Millennial DaWs") will not adversely affect its performance with respect to date-dependent data,
computations, output, or other functions (including, without limitation, calculating, comparing and
sequencing) and that the Software will create, store, process and output information related to or including
Milletmid Dates without error or omissions, loss of functionality, or degradation in performance, and at no
additional cost to Licensee. At Licensee's request, Liceriser will provide evidence sufficient to
demonstra~te adequate testing of the Software to meet the foregoing requireme~nts.
Suggested Year 2000 Warranty
(Short Form)
For Services of any kind
[The warranty below covers the millennium transition and the 90 days thereafter. It says that there
will be no disruptions or adverse effect on performance due to the transition. There is an optional
qualifier that would let the provider off the hook if its failure or disruption is caused by another third
party and through no fault of the provider. You may not want to include this qualifier if you want to
be able to sue regardless of whether the fault lies with the provider.]
Service Provider represents and warrants that through, during and for the ninety day period following the
transition from December 31, 1999 to January 1, 2000, it will provide Services hereunder without
disruption or adverse effects on its performance due to such transition; [provided, however, that the
foregoing shall not apply to situations where a failure or disruption by a third party causes the Service
Provider, through no fault of its own, to experience a failure or other problem that disrupts or adversely
affects the Services hereunder.]
38
Appendix C. Year 2000 Websites
There is no shortage of Year 2000 websites on the Intemet. The sites listed below offer a starting point for
gaining additional Year 2000 information. Also, many vendors post the compliance status of their
products on the Interact. This information can be found on individual vendor sites.
www. YEAR2000.eom - A good starting point for Year 2000 research
www.state.ma. us/v2k - Massachusetts State Government Y2K site
www.wa.~ov/dis/2000/v2000.htm - Washington State Y2K site. Contains information provided by
vendors responding to their vendor surveys
www.IT2000.com - US IT site
http://Ow2 .netcom.com/-helliott/00.htm - A connection into virtually all major Year 2000 sites
www. VIASOFT.com - PC analysis tools (OhMark)
www.~mt-2000.com/~rnt-2000 ZPC analysis tools and PC issues
39
Appendix D. PowerPoint Presentation
40